Friend of Jesus · Raised from the dead

Lazarus

Period1st century AD
Summary
Brother of Martha and Mary of Bethany, Lazarus became known forever as the man Jesus called back from death after four days in the tomb. His resurrection, one of the greatest public signs of Jesus's ministry before the cross, also ignited the hostility that would lead to Jesus's own condemnation.
Who was Lazarus
Biography

Everyone has lost someone and felt that help arrived too late, a phone call that came too late, a goodbye that never happened. Lazarus’s story begins in exactly that place of grief and delay, and ends in a place no human sorrow can reach on its own.

Lazarus lived in Bethany, near Jerusalem, with his sisters Martha and Mary. The three were close friends of Jesus, who loved them deeply (John 11:1,3,5). When Lazarus fell gravely ill, the sisters sent word to Jesus, but he was slow to come.

Lazarus died, and Jesus did not arrive in Bethany until four days later, when the body was already in the tomb (John 11:17,39). Martha went out to meet Jesus and said the words that sum up the despair of so many who mourn: “Lord, if you had been here, my brother would not have died” (John 11:21).

Jesus answered with one of the strongest declarations in the whole Gospel: “I am the resurrection and the life” (John 11:25). Standing before the tomb, he was deeply moved and wept together with the family (John 11:35), and then he called out in a loud voice: “Lazarus, come out!” (John 11:43).

Lazarus came out alive, still wrapped like a corpse. The news spread so fast that the religious leaders, afraid of losing their hold over the people, began plotting to kill Jesus, and later Lazarus as well (John 11:45,53; 12:9-11).

Days later, Lazarus was at the table at a dinner in Bethany, alive, eating beside the man who had called him back from death (John 12:1-2). He did not need to say a single word recorded in the Gospels: his very presence was already the proof.

Lazarus’s life is not about merit or speeches, it is about being loved by Jesus even when that love seems to take too long. His story tells today’s reader that God’s delay is never indifference, and that the last word over any tomb has not yet been spoken.

Defining verses

Jesus said to her, "I am the resurrection and the life. The one who believes in me will live, even though they die;"

John 11:25

Jesus wept.

John 11:35

When he had said this, Jesus called in a loud voice, "Lazarus, come out!"

John 11:43

Visions, prophecies, and deeds

The illness and the call to Jesus

Lazarus becomes gravely ill in Bethany, and his sisters Martha and Mary send word to Jesus, the friend who loved Lazarus.

John 11:1-3

The illness will not end in death

Upon hearing the news, Jesus states that this illness would serve for God's glory, and would not be the final word over Lazarus.

John 11:4

Four days in the tomb

Jesus arrives in Bethany after Lazarus had already been dead and buried for four days.

John 11:17,39

I am the resurrection and the life

Meeting with Martha, Jesus declares himself the resurrection and the life, even before going to the tomb.

John 11:20-27

Jesus weeps

Before his friend's tomb and the sisters' grief, Jesus is deeply moved and weeps.

John 11:33-35

Lazarus, come out

Jesus commands in a loud voice for Lazarus to come out of the tomb, and he comes out alive, still wrapped in grave clothes.

John 11:43-44

Targeted after being alive

Weeks later, Lazarus takes part in a dinner in Bethany, and the chief priests begin plotting his death as well, because of the testimony his resurrection represented.

John 12:1-2,9-11
Timeline
date unknown

Lazarus falls ill in Bethany

Martha and Mary send for Jesus (John 11:1-3)

date unknown

Lazarus dies and is buried

John 11:14,17

date unknown

Jesus arrives in Bethany, four days later

John 11:17,39

date unknown

Jesus raises Lazarus

John 11:43-44

date unknown

Dinner in Bethany with Lazarus at the table, six days before Jesus's last Passover

John 12:1-2

date unknown

Crowds go to Bethany to see Lazarus, and the priests plot to kill him

John 12:9-11

Portrait

He was called a friend of Jesus, one of the few people described this way explicitly in the Gospel of John (John 11:11).

His home in Bethany was the setting of a dinner in Jesus's honor days before his last Passover, with Martha serving and Lazarus at the table (John 12:1-2).

After being raised, he became a living witness to Jesus's power over death, and many believed in Jesus because of him (John 12:9-11).

Lessons and legacy
Lessons from their life

Being loved by Jesus exempts no one from illness or death, but it guarantees that he cares and is moved by the pain (John 11:35).

God may allow a painful loss to reveal his glory in a greater way than simply preventing it (John 11:4).

Jesus's delay is not indifference: he arrives after everything seemed lost, precisely to show that nothing is beyond his reach (John 11:6,17).

Witnessing a miracle of God can come at a high cost, including hostility from those who would rather not believe (John 12:10-11).

Closeness to Jesus is not measured by prominence in words: Lazarus never speaks once in the Gospels, and yet his life is one of the greatest signs of Jesus's power.

Missionary legacy

The declaration "I am the resurrection and the life" (John 11:25) is read at funerals and Christian services in practically every language in the world, bringing hope where death seems to have the last word.

The resurrection of Lazarus remains one of the most used accounts for presenting Jesus to people from cultures where death is a source of great fear and ritual mourning.

Bethany, the site of the miracle, continues to be a place of pilgrimage and Christian testimony in the Middle East to this day.

Lazarus's story sustains the certainty behind the gospel proclamation to peoples still without hope in the face of death: no tomb is final for those who believe in Jesus.

Family and context
Family and relationships
Sister Martha (John 11:1)
Sister Mary of Bethany (John 11:1-2)
Friend Jesus (John 11:3,5,11)
Contemporary Thomas, disciple (John 11:16)
Nations mentioned

Palestinian Territories (West Bank)

John 11:18 (Bethany, near Jerusalem)

Related places

Bethany

Lazarus's home village, present-day West Bank territory, near Jerusalem

Jerusalem

Less than 3 km from Bethany (John 11:18), present-day Israel

Lazarus's tomb

A cave sealed with a stone (John 11:38)

Where to find them in the Bible
Where to find them in the Bible

Lazarus's resurrection is narrated in John 11, and his living presence appears again in John 12:1-11, at the dinner in Bethany six days before Jesus's last Passover. He is not mentioned in the Gospels of Matthew, Mark, or Luke.

Other people