New Testament

2 John

AuthorThe apostle John
Central themeTruth and love
About the book

2 John is one of the shortest letters in the whole Bible, but it carries a message the church can never forget: truth and love always go together.

The author identifies himself simply as “the elder,” almost certainly the apostle John in his final years. He writes to a chosen lady and her children, people he truly loves in the faith.

This lady may be an actual Christian woman, known personally by the apostle. She may also be an affectionate way of referring to a local church and its members. Either way, John’s pastoral care shows through in every line.

Right at the start, John rejoices to learn that this lady’s children are walking in the truth. He then renews a commandment the church had known from the beginning: that all should love one another.

For John, this love is not mere feeling. To truly love means to obey God’s commandments, putting into daily practice what is professed in faith.

The letter then turns to a real danger. False teachers were going about denying that Jesus Christ had come in the flesh, and John calls them deceivers and antichrists.

Because of this, he instructs the church not to welcome into their homes nor greet anyone who spreads this teaching. It is a firm safeguard to protect the fellowship in truth that unites Christians.

John closes the letter hoping to visit the chosen lady in person, preferring a face to face conversation over more words on paper. The children of her chosen sister send their greetings.

Read this short letter and discover how a brief message can reaffirm what is most essential in the Christian faith: living in truth and loving in truth.

Book overview

Purpose

To warn the church against false teachers who denied the incarnation of Christ, reaffirming the commandment to love in truth

Audience

The chosen lady and her children, possibly a Christian woman or a local church

Date written

Probably between AD 85 and 95

Place of writing

Ephesus, according to tradition

Geographic setting

Asia Minor, the region of the churches John oversaw

Historical setting

The end of the first century, when false teachers denied that Jesus Christ had come in the flesh

It is the shortest book of the New Testament in number of verses: only 13

Key verses

It has given me great joy to find some of your children walking in the truth, just as the Father commanded us.

2 John 1:4

And this is love: that we walk in obedience to his commands. As you have heard from the beginning, his command is that you walk in love.

2 John 1:6

Anyone who runs ahead and does not continue in the teaching of Christ does not have God; whoever continues in the teaching has both the Father and the Son.

2 John 1:9

Book outline
1
1:1-3

Greeting in truth and love

John, who identifies himself only as the elder, greets a chosen lady and her children, whom he truly loves. He wishes grace, mercy, and peace from God the Father and from Jesus Christ. The greeting already shows that the Christian faith always unites truth and love, never one without the other.

2
1:4-6

Joy and the commandment to love

The apostle rejoices to learn that the lady's children are walking in the truth. He renews the old commandment to love one another, explaining that true love shows itself in obedience to God's commandments. This teaches that genuine love is not only feeling, but faithful practice day by day.

3
1:7-11

Warning against the deceivers

John warns that many deceivers have gone out into the world denying that Jesus Christ came in the flesh. Whoever goes beyond the teaching of Christ does not have God, so the church must guard its faith and not welcome those who bring false doctrine. The warning teaches that love and truth do not exclude discernment in the face of serious error.

4
1:12-13

Farewell and hope of reunion

John prefers not to write more at this time, hoping instead to visit the chosen lady and talk face to face so that their joy may be complete. The children of his chosen sister send their greetings as the letter closes. The farewell shows the value of personal fellowship among brothers and sisters in the faith.

Major themes

Truth and love united

The letter repeatedly joins the terms truth and love, showing that a faithful Christian lives within the truth revealed by God. Without this foundation, love loses its way and becomes mere sentiment.

The commandment to love

John renews the old call for Christians to love one another. For him, to truly love means to obey God's commandments, not merely to feel affection.

Warning against false teachers

The letter denounces those who deny that Jesus Christ came in the flesh, a serious error faced by the early church. Denying the incarnation of Christ means losing fellowship with the Father and the Son.

Hospitality with discernment

John instructs believers not to welcome into their homes nor greet anyone who teaches false doctrine about Christ. Christian hospitality must walk alongside discernment, so as not to support error.

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