New Testament

Acts

AuthorThe evangelist Luke
Central themeThe spread of the gospel
About the book

The Acts of the Apostles tells what happened after Jesus ascended into heaven. It is the natural continuation of the Gospel of Luke, written by the same author: the physician and evangelist Luke.

The book begins with a promise. Jesus told the disciples that they would receive power when the Holy Spirit came upon them, and that they would be his witnesses to the ends of the earth.

That promise is fulfilled on the day of Pentecost. The Holy Spirit fills the disciples, Peter preaches boldly, and about three thousand people believe in Jesus in a single day.

The first Christians lived in unity: they devoted themselves to the apostles’ teaching, to prayer, and to the breaking of bread. The apostles also performed healings and signs that drew even more people to faith.

The church grows, but it also faces opposition. Stephen becomes the first Christian martyr, and the persecution that follows scatters the disciples beyond Jerusalem.

One of the church’s greatest persecutors, Saul of Tarsus, is transformed on the road to Damascus. He becomes Paul, the greatest missionary of the New Testament.

Acts narrates Paul’s journeys through the Greco-Roman world. Cities such as Philippi, Athens, Corinth, and Ephesus hear the gospel of Jesus Christ for the first time.

The book also records an important decision of the early church: gentiles who believe in Jesus do not need to become Jews to be saved. Grace is for everyone, through faith.

Acts ends with Paul imprisoned in Rome, yet preaching freely about the kingdom of God, without hindrance. Read this book and see the Holy Spirit in action, calling ordinary people to carry the gospel to all nations.

Book overview

Purpose

To record how the gospel spread from Jerusalem to Rome through the power of the Holy Spirit

Audience

Theophilus and the church in general, as a continuation of the Gospel of Luke

Date written

Probably between AD 60 and 64

Place of writing

Rome, according to tradition

Geographic setting

From Jerusalem to Rome, passing through Judea, Samaria, Asia Minor, and Greece

Historical setting

The first decades of the church in the Roman Empire, between the ascension of Jesus and Paul's imprisonment

The only biblical book devoted to the history of the early church, from Jerusalem to Rome

Key verses

But you will receive power when the Holy Spirit comes on you; and you will be my witnesses in Jerusalem, and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the ends of the earth.

Acts 1:8

They devoted themselves to the apostles' teaching and to fellowship, to the breaking of bread and to prayer.

Acts 2:42

Salvation is found in no one else, for there is no other name under heaven given to mankind by which we must be saved.

Acts 4:12

Timeline
AD 30

Ascension of Jesus into heaven and the promise of the Holy Spirit

AD 30

Descent of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost and the birth of the church

around AD 33

Stephen is stoned and becomes the first Christian martyr

around AD 35

Conversion of Saul of Tarsus on the road to Damascus

around AD 40

Conversion of the Roman centurion Cornelius, the first gentile baptized

AD 46 to 48

Paul and Barnabas' first missionary journey

AD 49

The Council of Jerusalem decides that gentiles do not need to follow the Mosaic law

AD 49 to 52

Paul's second missionary journey

AD 53 to 57

Paul's third missionary journey

AD 60 to 62

Paul arrives in Rome as a prisoner and preaches freely

Book outline
1
1:1 to 7:60

The church is born in Jerusalem

Jesus ascends into heaven and promises the Holy Spirit to the disciples. On the day of Pentecost, the Spirit descends and the church is born, growing in unity, prayer, and courageous testimony. Persecution arrives with the martyrdom of Stephen. These chapters show that the church is the work of the Holy Spirit, not of human effort.

2
8:1 to 12:25

The gospel reaches Judea and Samaria

Persecution scatters the disciples outside Jerusalem, and the gospel reaches Samaritans and an Ethiopian official. Saul, a persecutor of the church, is transformed on the road to Damascus. Peter brings the good news to the Roman centurion Cornelius, showing that salvation is also for the gentiles.

3
13:1 to 15:41

First missionary journey and the Council of Jerusalem

Paul and Barnabas are sent out by the church in Antioch and preach to gentiles throughout Asia Minor. Faced with doubt over whether converts need to follow Jewish law, the apostles gather in Jerusalem and decide that salvation comes by grace, not by works of the law.

4
16:1 to 20:38

Paul's second and third missionary journeys

Paul crosses into Europe and plants churches in Philippi, Thessalonica, Corinth, and Ephesus, facing imprisonment, mockery, and persecution. He bids an emotional farewell to the elders of Ephesus, urging them to care for the flock God has entrusted to them.

5
21:1 to 28:31

Paul's imprisonment and arrival in Rome

Paul is arrested in Jerusalem and goes through several trials before Jewish and Roman authorities. After appealing to Caesar, he survives a shipwreck on the way to Italy and finally arrives in Rome. The book ends with Paul, though imprisoned, preaching freely about Jesus.

Major themes

The power of the Holy Spirit

The Holy Spirit fills the disciples at Pentecost and empowers them to preach with boldness. He continues to guide decisions, open doors, and confirm the message with signs. The book shows that the church's mission depends on the Spirit, not on human talent.

The church in fellowship

The first Christians live in unity, share their possessions, and devote themselves to prayer and the apostles' teaching. This practical fellowship draws the attention of outsiders. The text invites today's church to live out that same mutual care.

The gospel for all nations

Acts shows the gospel going out from Jerusalem and reaching Samaritans, gentiles, and cities throughout the Roman Empire. The Council of Jerusalem confirms that salvation is by grace, with no distinction of origin. This is a reminder that no people group is beyond God's reach.

Courage in the face of opposition

Apostles are imprisoned, threatened, and even killed, yet they continue preaching about Jesus without fear. Stephen forgives his attackers as he dies by stoning. The example teaches that faithfulness to God is worth more than personal safety.

The sovereignty of God in history

Persecutions, imprisonments, and even a shipwreck all end up serving the purpose of spreading the gospel even further. Nothing the church's enemies plan can stop God's plan. This encourages the reader to trust even in the midst of hardship.

The call to go and testify

Jesus commands the disciples to be witnesses in Jerusalem, in Judea, in Samaria, and to the ends of the earth. Paul fulfills this call by traveling to distant lands to proclaim Christ. The book invites every reader to also carry this message forward.

Key people
P

Peter

Leading apostle at Pentecost

S

Stephen

First martyr of the church

P

Paul of Tarsus

Persecutor converted into apostle to the gentiles

B

Barnabas

Encourager and companion of Paul

P

Philip the evangelist

Brings the gospel to Samaritans and the Ethiopian

C

Cornelius

Roman centurion converted to the gospel

P

Priscilla and Aquila

Couple who instruct and support missionaries

T

Timothy

Young disciple who accompanies Paul

Key places

Jerusalem

Acts 2:1-4

Samaria

Acts 8:5-25

Damascus

Acts 9:1-19

Antioch

Acts 11:19-26

Philippi

Acts 16:11-40

Athens

Acts 17:16-34

Ephesus

Acts 19:1-41

Rome

Acts 28:16-31

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