Old Testament

Joshua

AuthorJoshua himself
Central themeConquest of the promised land
About the book

The book of Joshua opens a new chapter in the history of Israel. Moses has died, and it falls to a new leader to bring the people into the land God had promised centuries before to Abraham.

Right in the first chapter, God speaks to Joshua and repeats an invitation that becomes the motto of the whole book. Be strong and courageous, says the Lord, for I will be with you wherever you go.

The narrative follows the crossing of the Jordan River on dry ground, the fall of the walls of Jericho, and the battles that follow through the south and north of Canaan. None of this happens by Israel’s military strength, but by the presence of God fighting for his people.

The book does not hide the failures along the way. Achan’s hidden sin brings defeat and mourning, and the deception of the Gibeonites exposes the frailty of even the most experienced leaders.

Even facing these setbacks, God remains faithful to his plan. After the conquests comes the careful division of the land among the twelve tribes, each family receiving its inheritance.

At the end of his life, Joshua gathers the people at Shechem and lays before them a choice that reaches across the centuries. Choose today whom you will serve, he says, and as for me and my household, we will serve the Lord.

Joshua reveals a God who fulfills every word he speaks, even when the path crosses rivers to be forded and walls to be brought down. The same faithfulness that sustained Israel in that land sustains today all who trust in him.

It is worth reading Joshua paying attention to the small notes of fulfillment scattered through the text. They remind us that not one of God’s promises is left unkept.

Book overview

Purpose

To show how God fulfilled the promise to give the Israelites the land of Canaan

Audience

The people of Israel, heir to the promises made to the patriarchs

Date written

Probably between 1400 and 1370 BC

Place of writing

Canaan, according to tradition

Geographic setting

Canaan, between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea

Historical setting

Shortly after the death of Moses and the end of the forty years in the wilderness

The first historical book of the Bible to narrate the fulfillment of the promise of the land made to the patriarchs

Key verses

Have I not commanded you? Be strong and courageous. Do not be afraid; do not be discouraged, for the LORD your God will be with you wherever you go.

Joshua 1:9

Not one of all the LORD's good promises to Israel failed; every one was fulfilled.

Joshua 21:45

But if serving the LORD seems undesirable to you, then choose for yourselves this day whom you will serve, whether the gods your ancestors served beyond the Euphrates, or the gods of the Amorites, in whose land you are living. But as for me and my household, we will serve the LORD.

Joshua 24:15

Timeline
About 1446 BC

Exodus of the people of Israel from Egypt, under the leadership of Moses

About 1406 BC

Death of Moses; Joshua is confirmed as the new leader of Israel

About 1406 BC

Israel crosses the Jordan River on dry ground and camps at Gilgal

About 1406 BC

Fall of Jericho, after seven days marching around the city

About 1406 BC

Defeat at Ai because of Achan's sin, followed by the conquest of the city

About 1405 BC

Covenant with the Gibeonites and the battle in which the sun stands still over Gibeon

About 1400 BC

End of the southern and northern campaigns, with thirty one kings defeated

Uncertain date

Division of the land of Canaan among the twelve tribes of Israel

Uncertain date

Joshua gathers the people at Shechem to renew the covenant with God

About 1375 BC

Death of Joshua at a hundred and ten years of age

Book outline
1
1:1 a 5:15

Entering the promised land

After the death of Moses, God calls Joshua and promises to be with him as he was with his predecessor. The people cross the Jordan River on dry ground, the men are circumcised, and Israel celebrates the first Passover in the land. The account teaches that God prepares the heart of his people before every new step of faith.

2
6:1 a 12:24

The conquest of Canaan

Jericho falls after seven days of marching around the city, and Israel advances through the south and north of Canaan, facing thirty one kings. Achan's sin and the Gibeonites' deception show that victory does not depend on military strength alone, but on faithfulness to God. The conquest reminds us that God fulfills what he promises, even in the face of great obstacles.

3
13:1 a 21:45

The division of the land among the tribes

The conquered land is divided among the twelve tribes of Israel, including cities of refuge and cities for the Levites. The passage ends with the statement that not one of the Lord's good promises failed to be fulfilled. This section teaches that God does not forget a single detail of the promises he makes to his people.

4
22:1 a 24:33

Covenant renewed and Joshua's farewell

A misunderstanding over an altar nearly sparks a conflict between the tribes, but it is resolved through dialogue and a sincere search for the truth. Joshua gathers the people at Shechem, recalls God's faithfulness, and challenges everyone to choose whom they will serve. The book ends with his death, at a hundred and ten years of age, after completing the task God had entrusted to him.

Major themes

The faithfulness of God

Joshua shows a God who fulfills every word he promises, even after centuries of waiting. The book closes this idea with the statement that not one of the Lord's good promises failed to be fulfilled.

Courage and obedience

Before any battle, God calls Joshua to be strong and courageous and to obey all that was commanded. Israel's success in the conquest is always tied to obedience, never to military strength alone.

The consequences of sin

Achan's story shows that one person's hidden sin can affect the whole community. God deals with sin with seriousness, but he also restores the people after repentance.

God fights for his people

The walls of Jericho, the victory over the coalition of kings, and even the sun standing still in the sky show that the conquest belongs to the Lord. Israel enters the land as one who receives a gift, not as one who conquers alone.

An inheritance for every family

The detailed division of the land among the tribes reveals a God who cares for each family individually. No tribe is forgotten when it comes time to receive its share of the promise.

A call to decide

At the end of his life, Joshua invites the people to choose whom they will serve. The question reaches across the centuries and remains addressed to every reader of the book.

Key people
J

Joshua

Leader of the conquest of Canaan

R

Rahab

Hid the spies in Jericho

A

Achan

Sin that brought defeat at Ai

C

Caleb

Received Hebron for his faithfulness

E

Eleazar

Priest in the division of the land

P

Phinehas

Mediated the dispute over the altar

A

Adoni-Zedek

Led the coalition against Gibeon

Key places

Jordan River

Joshua 3:14-17

Jericho

Joshua 6:1-20

Gilgal

Joshua 4:19-20

Ai

Joshua 8:1-29

Gibeon

Joshua 10:1-14

Hebron

Joshua 14:13-15

Hazor

Joshua 11:10-11

Shechem

Joshua 24:1

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