New Testament

Luke

AuthorLuke the physician
Central themeJesus, the Savior of all
About the book

Luke writes as a careful historian. He himself tells us that he investigated everything from the beginning before recording, with order and precision, the life of Jesus for a reader named Theophilus.

The result is the longest gospel in the New Testament and the only one written by a non-Jewish author. A physician by profession and companion of the apostle Paul, Luke brings a close attention to the human details of Jesus’ story.

From the start, the book shows Jesus being born in humble circumstances, surrounded by shepherds rather than kings. That detail already announces the heart of the gospel: Jesus came for the poor, the forgotten, and those society left behind.

Throughout the chapters, women, Samaritans, tax collectors, and sinners receive special attention and mercy. No one is beyond the reach of the grace Jesus offers.

Luke also preserves parables that only he records, such as the good Samaritan and the prodigal son. In them, Jesus teaches that loving one’s neighbor and returning home are paths open to anyone.

Prayer stands out prominently: Jesus prays before the most important decisions of his life and teaches the disciples to do the same. The Holy Spirit also plays a central role, leading Jesus from his baptism to the cross.

One sentence sums up the purpose of this whole journey: the Son of Man came to seek and save the lost. That is the key that opens every chapter of the book.

The gospel ends with Jesus risen, blessing the disciples and ascending into heaven, with the promise that the Spirit would come in power. It is only the beginning of a story that continues in the book of Acts.

Read Luke and discover a Savior who draws near to those who need him most.

Book overview

Purpose

To present an orderly and carefully investigated account of the life of Jesus, to give certainty of faith to Theophilus and to every reader

Audience

Theophilus, a Roman official, and Gentile Christians seeking confirmation of their faith

Date written

Probably between AD 60 and 63

Geographic setting

Galilee, Samaria, and the road to Jerusalem

Historical setting

The reign of Tiberius Caesar, with Pontius Pilate governing Judea and Herod governing Galilee

The only gospel written by a Gentile physician, with unique parables such as the good Samaritan and the prodigal son

Key verses

With this in mind, since I myself have carefully investigated everything from the beginning, I too decided to write an orderly account for you, most excellent Theophilus, so that you may know the certainty of the things you have been taught.

Luke 1:3-4

The Spirit of the Lord is on me, because he has anointed me to proclaim good news to the poor. He has sent me to proclaim freedom for the prisoners and recovery of sight for the blind, to set the oppressed free, to proclaim the year of the Lord's favor.

Luke 4:18-19

For the Son of Man came to seek and to save the lost.

Luke 19:10

Timeline
6/5 BC

Announcement to Zechariah of the birth of John the Baptist

6/5 BC

The Annunciation: the angel Gabriel reveals to Mary that she will give birth to Jesus

5/4 BC

Birth of Jesus in Bethlehem

around AD 27

Baptism of Jesus by John the Baptist

AD 27 to 30

Jesus' ministry in Galilee, with miracles, parables, and the calling of the disciples

AD 29/30

Jesus' final journey toward Jerusalem

AD 30

Jesus' triumphal entry into Jerusalem

AD 30

The Last Supper, arrest, and crucifixion of Jesus

AD 30

Resurrection of Jesus and appearances to the disciples

AD 30

Ascension of Jesus into heaven

Book outline
1
1:1 to 2:52

Introduction and the birth of Jesus

Luke explains his research method and narrates the births of John the Baptist and Jesus, including Jesus' childhood at the temple. It shows that the salvation promised to Israel arrived in a humble and surprising way.

2
3:1 to 4:13

Preparation for ministry

John the Baptist prepares the way, Jesus is baptized and has his genealogy recorded, and then faces temptation in the wilderness. Jesus shows that he faces the same human trials without sinning.

3
4:14 to 9:50

Ministry in Galilee

Jesus preaches, heals the sick, casts out demons, and calls the twelve apostles. He teaches through parables and reveals his authority over nature, sickness, and death.

4
9:51 to 19:27

The long journey to Jerusalem

Jesus travels toward Jerusalem teaching about discipleship, prayer, and the kingdom of God. Here are found parables unique to Luke, such as the good Samaritan and the prodigal son, which show the universal reach of grace.

5
19:28 to 21:38

Final days in Jerusalem

Jesus enters Jerusalem triumphantly, purifies the temple, and teaches about the last days. The conflict with the religious authorities intensifies with each passing day.

6
22:1 to 24:53

Passion, death, and resurrection

Jesus celebrates the Last Supper, is arrested, tried, and crucified. He rises on the third day, appears to the disciples, and ascends into heaven, promising the power of the Holy Spirit.

Major themes

Jesus, Savior of all

Luke shows Jesus reaching out to the poor, women, Samaritans, and sinners, groups that the society of his day tended to overlook. The salvation he offers knows no boundary of class, gender, or origin.

Mercy in the parables

Parables unique to Luke, such as the good Samaritan and the prodigal son, reveal a God who has compassion and runs to meet those who are lost. They invite the reader to act with that same compassion.

The prayer life of Jesus

More than the other gospels, Luke records Jesus praying before important decisions, such as choosing the apostles and facing the cross. He teaches that a life of faith depends on constant communion with the Father.

The Holy Spirit at work

From the birth of John the Baptist to the final promise given to the disciples, the Holy Spirit guides every stage of the story. Luke lays the groundwork for the book of Acts, where the Spirit continues to work in the church.

Joy and praise

Songs such as those of Mary and Zechariah, along with a constant joy in the face of salvation, mark the gospel of Luke. The natural response to a God who saves is celebration and gratitude.

The search for the lost

In Luke 19:10, Jesus sums up his mission: to seek and save the lost. Zacchaeus and many other encounters throughout the book illustrate God's active pursuit of every person.

Key people
J

Jesus

The Savior of all

Z

Zechariah

Priest, father of John the Baptist

E

Elizabeth

Mother of John the Baptist

M

Mary

Mother of Jesus

J

John the Baptist

Forerunner who prepares the way

S

Simeon

Recognizes the Messiah at the temple

Z

Zacchaeus

Tax collector transformed by Jesus

P

Peter

Disciple called and later restored

C

Cleopas

Meets the risen Jesus at Emmaus

Key places

Bethlehem

Luke 2:4-7

Nazareth

Luke 4:16

Lake of Gennesaret

Luke 5:1

Temple in Jerusalem

Luke 2:46

Jericho

Luke 19:1

Jerusalem

Luke 19:28

Mount of Olives

Luke 22:39

Emmaus

Luke 24:13

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