West Bank (Palestinian Territories), about 11 km northeast of Nablus

Tirzah

Meaning
The name Tirzah comes from Hebrew and means something like delight or pleasant, from the same root as the verb that expresses satisfaction and goodwill. It was the capital of the northern kingdom of Israel for about three decades, spanning the reigns of Baasha and Omri, until the latter moved the government to Samaria.
About the place

Tirzah was a city in the hill country of Ephraim, north of Shechem, in the mountainous region the Israelites conquered under Joshua.

Centuries later, it became the residence of the royal family of the northern kingdom. King Jeroboam’s wife went there after consulting a prophet about her sick son, and it was in Tirzah that the boy died, fulfilling the word of the Lord.

In time, Tirzah became the capital of Israel. Baasha reigned there for twenty four years, and after him his son Elah was murdered while drinking in the house of the palace official, in Tirzah.

The officer Zimri seized the throne but lasted only seven days. Besieged by Omri, he set the palace on fire over himself and died in the flames.

It was Omri who, still reigning from Tirzah, bought the hill of Samaria and built there the city that would become the kingdom’s new capital. Years later, Menahem still set out from Tirzah to seize the throne by force in Samaria.

Song of Songs recalls Tirzah as a byword for beauty, comparing the beloved to it and to Jerusalem. The name of a city marked by coups and fires kept, in biblical poetry, the memory of something simply beautiful.

Key verses

You are as beautiful as Tirzah, my darling, as lovely as Jerusalem, as majestic as troops with banners.

Song of Songs 6:4

In the third year of Asa king of Judah, Baasha son of Ahijah became king of all Israel in Tirzah, and he reigned twenty-four years.

1 Kings 15:33

In the thirty-first year of Asa king of Judah, Omri became king of Israel, and he reigned twelve years, six of them in Tirzah.

1 Kings 16:23

What happened here

The king of Tirzah among those defeated by Joshua

Tirzah appears in the list of thirty-one Canaanite kings defeated by Joshua in the conquest of the land.

Joshua 12:24

The death of Jeroboam’s son

King Jeroboam’s wife returned to Tirzah after consulting the prophet Ahijah, and the boy died as soon as she entered the house, fulfilling the word of the Lord.

1 Kings 14:17

Baasha reigns in Tirzah

Baasha became king of all Israel and reigned from Tirzah for twenty-four years.

1 Kings 15:33

Elah is murdered in the palace

While getting drunk in the house of the palace administrator at Tirzah, King Elah was killed by Zimri, one of his officers.

1 Kings 16:8-10

Zimri reigns seven days and dies in the flames

Besieged by Omri and the army at Tirzah, Zimri set fire to his own palace and died in the flames.

1 Kings 16:15-18

Omri moves the capital to Samaria

After reigning in Tirzah for six years, Omri bought the hill of Samaria and built the kingdom’s new capital there.

1 Kings 16:23-24

Menahem leaves Tirzah to seize the throne

Menahem left Tirzah, attacked Samaria, killed King Shallum and reigned in his place.

2 Kings 15:14
Timeline
time of the conquest, date unknown

Tirzah is one of the Canaanite cities defeated by Joshua

during Jeroboam I’s reign, around 931-910 BC

Jeroboam’s wife goes to Tirzah, where the king’s son dies

around 909 BC

Baasha becomes king of Israel at Tirzah

around 886 BC

Elah is murdered by Zimri at Tirzah

around 885 BC

Zimri reigns seven days in Tirzah and dies by setting his own palace on fire while besieged by Omri

around 880 BC

Omri leaves Tirzah and moves the kingdom’s capital to Samaria

around 752 BC

Menahem leaves Tirzah and seizes the throne in Samaria by force

People linked to this place
J

Jeroboam

Had a wife who sought news of their son

B

Baasha

Reigned from Tirzah for years

E

Elah

Ruled as king and was murdered by Zimri at Tirzah

Z

Zimri

Killed Elah and reigned seven days

O

Omri

Besieged Tirzah and later built Samaria

M

Menahem

Left Tirzah and seized the throne

Books where it appears

Joshua

A Canaanite city defeated in the conquest of the land

1 Kings

Capital of the northern kingdom through several generations of kings

2 Kings

The starting point of Menahem’s coup against Shallum

Song of Songs

A poetic comparison with the beloved’s beauty

The place today
The place today

Tirzah is widely identified by archaeologists with Tell el-Far’a North, a mound of ruins about eleven kilometers northeast of Nablus in the West Bank.

Excavations there have uncovered an ancient Canaanite city and, later, a simple Israelite settlement from the early northern kingdom, consistent with the period when the city served as its capital. Today it is only an archaeological site, with no living city over the ruins.

The territory is now administered by the Palestinian Authority, in an area whose final sovereignty remains disputed between Israelis and Palestinians. May the beauty that once gave this city its name inspire prayer for the Palestinian people, for peace and for the gospel to reach every family.

Pray for this nation today: Palestina

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