King of Judah · Persecutor of prophets

Jehoiakim

Period~609 BC - ~598 BC
Summary
Son of Josiah and a vassal king first of Egypt, then of Babylon, Jehoiakim is remembered above all for one act: cutting and burning, column by column, the scroll containing the words of God dictated to Jeremiah. His eleven-year reign ended in rebellion against Nebuchadnezzar and in a prophetic announcement of a dishonorable end.
Who was Jehoiakim
Biography

There is an almost instinctive impulse when facing unbearable news: tear up the letter, erase the message, silence the one who brought it. Jehoiakim, king of Judah, took that impulse to the extreme. Faced with the word of God written on a scroll, he cut it with a knife and threw it into the fire, column by column.

He was born Eliakim, son of King Josiah. After his father’s death, the people put his brother Jehoahaz on the throne, but Pharaoh Necho of Egypt deposed him within a few months and installed Eliakim as a vassal king, changing his name to Jehoiakim (2 Kings 23:34).

He reigned eleven years in Jerusalem, but he did what was evil in the eyes of the Lord (2 Kings 23:37). He taxed the people heavily to pay tribute to Egypt and built himself a luxurious palace without paying wages to the workers (Jeremiah 22:13).

When Babylon overtook Egypt, Jehoiakim changed masters and became a vassal of Nebuchadnezzar, only to rebel against him later (2 Kings 24:1). He also had the prophet Uriah killed for daring to repeat the same warning as Jeremiah (Jeremiah 26:20-23).

The climax came when Baruch read, in the temple, the scroll containing the words the Lord had given Jeremiah over many years. On hearing the reading, Jehoiakim cut the scroll with a scribe’s knife and burned it in the firepot of his winter house, without fear, without tearing his clothes (Jeremiah 36:23-24).

God then commanded Jeremiah to write it all again, and many similar words were added (Jeremiah 36:32). The fire destroyed the parchment, not the message.

Jehoiakim’s story reminds us that no power, no fire, can erase the word of God. We can ignore the warning, tear up the page, silence the one who brings it, but the truth we refuse to hear remains true, and continues to be written, until someone finally reads it.

Defining verses

Whenever Jehudi had read three or four columns of the scroll, the king cut them off with a scribe's knife and threw them into the fire in the firepot, until the entire scroll was burned in the fire.

Jeremiah 36:23

He will have the burial of a donkey, dragged away and thrown outside the gates of Jerusalem.

Jeremiah 22:19

Therefore this is what the Lord says about Jehoiakim king of Judah: He will have no one to sit on the throne of David; his body will be thrown out and exposed to the heat by day and the frost by night.

Jeremiah 36:30

Visions, prophecies, and deeds

Crowned king by the Pharaoh of Egypt

After the death of Josiah and the deposition of Jehoahaz by Necho, the pharaoh installed Eliakim as a vassal king and changed his name to Jehoiakim.

2 Kings 23:34

Imposed heavy taxes on the people

To pay the silver and gold demanded by Pharaoh Necho, Jehoiakim taxed the people of the land according to each one's assessment.

2 Kings 23:35

Built a palace at the workers' expense

He built himself a palace with spacious rooms paneled with cedar without paying wages to the workers; Jeremiah announced his judgment for this.

Jeremiah 22:13-14

Had the prophet Uriah killed

When the prophet Uriah repeated Jeremiah's warning against Jerusalem, Jehoiakim ordered his capture in Egypt and his execution.

Jeremiah 26:20-23

Became a vassal of Nebuchadnezzar and later rebelled

With Babylon's rise over Egypt, Jehoiakim paid tribute to Nebuchadnezzar for three years before rebelling against him.

2 Kings 24:1

Burned the scroll of Jeremiah's prophecies

On hearing the reading of the scroll dictated by Jeremiah and written by Baruch, Jehoiakim cut the columns with a scribe's knife and threw them into the fire.

Jeremiah 36:21-24

Received a prophetic sentence of judgment

God announced through Jeremiah that Jehoiakim would have no descendant seated on the throne of David and that his body would be exposed without an honorable burial.

Jeremiah 36:30
Timeline
~609 BC

Pharaoh Necho deposes Jehoahaz and places Eliakim on the throne, renaming him Jehoiakim

2 Kings 23:34

~609 BC

Imposes taxes on the people to pay Necho

2 Kings 23:35

~608 BC

Has the prophet Uriah killed, early in his reign

Jeremiah 26:1,20-23

~605 BC

Nebuchadnezzar defeats Egypt at Carchemish and comes to dominate the region

historical context of the Babylonian advance over Judah

~604 BC

Hears the reading of Jeremiah's scroll and burns it in the firepot

Jeremiah 36

~603-601 BC

Becomes a vassal of Nebuchadnezzar for three years

2 Kings 24:1

~598 BC

Rebels against Babylon and dies shortly after

2 Kings 24:1,6; 2 Chronicles 36:6

~598 BC

Is succeeded by his son Jehoiachin, who reigns only three months before the exile

2 Kings 24:6

Portrait

He held the throne of Judah for eleven years, the longest reign among the last kings of Judah after Josiah, even amid the struggle between the powers of Egypt and Babylon (2 Kings 23:36).

He showed political agility by quickly adapting to Babylon's rise over Egypt, becoming a vassal of Nebuchadnezzar without immediately facing an invasion (2 Kings 24:1).

He exploited his own people with heavy taxes to meet Egypt's demands (2 Kings 23:35).

He built his palace through forced labor, without paying wages to the workers (Jeremiah 22:13).

He persecuted and killed the prophet Uriah for proclaiming the same message as Jeremiah (Jeremiah 26:20-23).

He burned the scroll with the Lord's words dictated to Jeremiah, without fear or repentance (Jeremiah 36:23-24).

Lessons and legacy
Lessons from their life

Ignoring or destroying an uncomfortable message does not change the reality it announces; the word of God remains true even when rejected.

Political power and apparent success are not proof of divine approval; Jehoiakim reigned eleven years and still heard God's sentence.

Exploiting people to build one's own security or status carries a moral cost that God does not ignore (Jeremiah 22:13).

Silencing those who speak the truth, whether by killing or muting the messenger, does not solve the problem, it only delays the response owed to God.

Switching allegiance out of convenience, from Egypt to Babylon, shows how the pursuit of political security can replace trust in God.

Missionary legacy

Jehoiakim's story shows that the word of God survives political opposition and censorship, an encouragement for those who today face persecution for distributing the Scriptures.

The rewriting of the scroll after it was burned reminds us that no human attempt to erase God's message is final, something central to the work of Bible translation and distribution among peoples who still do not have it (Jeremiah 36:28,32).

The murder of the prophet Uriah warns of the cost that many messengers of the gospel still pay in contexts of hostility, in regions that today include Egypt and Iraq, territories of the ancient Egypt and Babylon.

The fall of Judah under Jehoiakim and his successors reminds us that no nation is exempt from God's judgment nor beyond the reach of his mercy, a call to pray for every nation.

Family and context
Family and relationships
Father Josiah, king of Judah (2 Kings 23:34)
Mother Zebidah, daughter of Pedaiah (2 Kings 23:36)
Brother Jehoahaz, predecessor king (2 Kings 23:34)
Son and successor Jehoiachin (2 Kings 24:6)
Contemporary Jeremiah, prophet (Jeremiah 36)
Contemporary Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon (2 Kings 24:1)
Nations mentioned

Egypt

2 Kings 23:34-35

Babylon (present-day Iraq)

2 Kings 24:1

Related places

Jerusalem

Capital of Judah, where Jehoiakim reigned and burned Jeremiah's scroll

Egypt

Where Pharaoh Necho installed Jehoiakim as a vassal king

Babylon (present-day Iraq)

The power to which Jehoiakim became a vassal and later rebelled

Temple of Jerusalem

Where Baruch first publicly read Jeremiah's scroll (Jeremiah 36:10)

Rumah

Hometown of Zebidah, mother of Jehoiakim (2 Kings 23:36)

Kiriath Jearim

Hometown of the prophet Uriah, killed by Jehoiakim's order (Jeremiah 26:20)

Where to find them in the Bible
Where to find them in the Bible

Jehoiakim's life is recounted in 2 Kings 23:34 to 24:6 and in 2 Chronicles 36:4-8. His confrontation with the word of God is detailed in Jeremiah 22:13-19, 26:20-23, and in chapter 36, the account of the burned scroll.

Other people