Son of God · Savior

Jesus

Period~4 BC - ~AD 30
Summary
Jesus of Nazareth is the center of the Christian faith: born of a virgin in Bethlehem, he lived, taught, died on the cross, and rose again on the third day. His many names, Immanuel, Christ, Lamb of God, reveal who he is: God who became man to save.
Who was Jesus
Biography

Every human being has at some point felt the need to be rescued from something greater than their own strength. The Bible answers that need with a person who received many names: Immanuel, God with us; Christ, the Anointed One, or Messiah; Son of God; Son of Man; Lamb of God; the Word; Lord. All of them point to the same person, Jesus of Nazareth.

He was born in Bethlehem, a city prophesied centuries before (Micah 5:2), to a young virgin named Mary, by the work of the Holy Spirit (Luke 1:35). He grew up in Nazareth, a small and undistinguished village, as the adopted son of the carpenter Joseph.

Around the age of thirty, he was baptized by John the Baptist in the Jordan River, and the Father declared from heaven his approval of the Son (Matthew 3:17). He then faced temptation in the wilderness and stood firm where so many before him had given in.

He gathered twelve disciples and spent about three years teaching about the Kingdom of God, healing the sick, feeding crowds, and restoring life to those who had already died. His words carried an authority no one had seen before (Mark 1:27).

Religious opposition grew as he confronted the leaders’ formalism and welcomed sinners to the table. In his final week in Jerusalem, he instituted the Supper with his disciples, was betrayed by one of them, and was handed over to crucifixion, where he bore upon himself the sin of the world (1 Peter 2:24).

On the third day, he rose again, proving before witnesses that death did not have the last word (1 Corinthians 15:4). Before ascending to heaven, he commissioned his followers to carry this news to all nations (Matthew 28:19-20).

The life of Jesus answers the deepest question of the human heart: is there someone willing to pay the price of our guilt? The cross shows that there is, and the empty tomb shows that this someone conquered even death, a truth that still changes lives among every people on earth.

Defining verses

For God so loved the world that he gave his one and only Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life.

John 3:16

Jesus answered, 'I am the way and the truth and the life. No one comes to the Father except through me.'

John 14:6

Therefore go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, and teaching them to obey everything I have commanded you. And surely I am with you always, to the very end of the age.

Matthew 28:19-20

Visions, prophecies, and deeds

Virgin conception and birth in Bethlehem

Mary, a virgin, conceived by the work of the Holy Spirit and gave birth in Bethlehem, fulfilling messianic prophecy.

Luke 1:26-38; 2:1-7; Matthew 1:18-23

Baptism in the Jordan

John the Baptist baptized him, and the Father publicly declared him his beloved Son, at the start of his ministry.

Matthew 3:13-17

Temptation in the wilderness

After 40 days of fasting, he resisted three temptations from the devil using Scripture.

Matthew 4:1-11

Multiplication of the loaves

He fed a crowd of about five thousand men with five loaves and two fish.

John 6:1-14

Raising of Lazarus

He called Lazarus back to life four days after his death, before witnesses in Bethany.

John 11:38-44

Death on the cross

He was crucified outside Jerusalem, under the authority of the Roman governor Pontius Pilate, bearing upon himself the sin of the world.

John 19:16-30

Resurrection on the third day

He rose bodily on the third day and appeared alive to disciples and other witnesses.

John 20:1-18; 1 Corinthians 15:3-8
Timeline
~4 BC

Birth in Bethlehem

Luke 2:1-7

~AD 26-27

Baptism by John the Baptist and start of his public ministry

Luke 3:21-23

~AD 27-30

Teaching and miracle ministry in Galilee and Judea

~AD 30

Triumphal entry into Jerusalem

Matthew 21:1-11

~AD 30

Last Supper and arrest in Gethsemane

Matthew 26:17-56

~AD 30

Crucifixion in Jerusalem

John 19

~AD 30

Resurrection on the third day

John 20

~AD 30

Ascension to heaven

Acts 1:9-11

Portrait

He showed concrete compassion for hungry and sick crowds, and acted to help them, as when he healed the sick and fed about five thousand people (Mark 6:34-44).

He submitted his own will to the Father's will in Gethsemane, even knowing the suffering that lay ahead (Mark 14:36).

He exercised real authority over nature, disease, and death, as when he calmed a storm with a single command (Mark 4:39).

He faced the trial and the cross with deliberate courage, neither fleeing nor defending himself against the false accusations (Matthew 26:62-63).

He welcomed the marginalized, Samaritans, women, children, and tax collectors, with a dignity unusual for his time (Luke 19:1-10; John 4).

Lessons and legacy
Lessons from their life

Jesus' compassion for those who suffer invites us to act in the face of real needs, not merely to feel pity.

Jesus' obedience to the Father, even at the cost of the cross, teaches that trusting God does not always mean an easy path.

Jesus' invitation to sinners and the marginalized shows that no one is beyond the reach of the gospel.

The resurrection gives a historical, not merely sentimental, basis for Christian hope beyond death.

The Great Commission turns every follower of Jesus into someone sent, not merely someone who received.

Missionary legacy

The Great Commission (Matthew 28:19-20) is the founding mandate for all cross-cultural mission, including the work of Route of Nations among peoples who still have no access to the gospel.

Before ascending to heaven, Jesus laid out the geographic route of the mission: 'in Jerusalem, and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the ends of the earth' (Acts 1:8).

The vision of a multitude from every nation, tribe, people, and language before the throne (Revelation 7:9) is the final horizon that global mission seeks to reach.

Jesus' own ministry already crossed the cultural boundaries of his time, as in his encounters with the Samaritan woman (John 4) and the Syrophoenician woman (Mark 7:24-30).

Every church and every Christian who today crosses a cultural boundary to proclaim the gospel is, ultimately, obeying a direct command from Jesus.

Family and context
Family and relationships
Mother Mary, virgin of Nazareth
Adoptive father Joseph, a carpenter
Forerunner and relative John the Baptist
Brothers James, Joseph, Simon, and Judas
Disciples The twelve apostles
Beloved disciple John, the apostle
Friends in Bethany Lazarus, Martha, and Mary
Roman authority Pontius Pilate, governor
Nations mentioned

Israel

Luke 2:4

Egypt

Matthew 2:13-15

Roman Empire (headquartered in Rome, present-day Italy)

Luke 2:1; Matthew 27:2

Related places

Bethlehem

Israel; birthplace

Nazareth

Israel; where he grew up

Jordan River

Israel/Jordan; site of the baptism

Judean Desert

Israel; site of the temptation

Capernaum

Israel; base of the Galilee ministry

Bethany

Israel; raising of Lazarus

Jerusalem

Israel; trial, death, and resurrection

Mount of Olives

Israel; ascension to heaven

Where to find them in the Bible
Where to find them in the Bible

The life of Jesus is recorded in the four Gospels: Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John, each with its own emphasis on the same story. He is also the center of the rest of the New Testament, from the apostolic letters to the book of Revelation, and he is foretold in Old Testament prophecies, such as Isaiah 53 and Micah 5:2.

Other people