King of Judah · Restorer of the temple

Joash

Period~835 BC - ~796 BC
Summary
King of Judah who came to the throne as a small child, hidden in the temple for six years to escape the massacre ordered by his grandmother Athaliah. Under the guidance of the priest Jehoiada, he restored the temple of the LORD, but after his mentor's death he abandoned the faith and had the prophet who confronted him put to death.
Who was Joash
Biography

Everyone knows someone who started well but did not finish well: a promising talent, a faith once on fire in the early years, that withered over time. The story of King Joash of Judah is the biblical version of this painfully common tale: a spectacular beginning followed by a tragic end.

Joash was just a baby when his grandmother Athaliah, seizing the throne by force, ordered the killing of the entire royal line (2 Kings 11:1). His aunt Jehosheba hid him, and for six years he grew up inside the temple, raised by the priest Jehoiada, while Athaliah reigned without knowing that the rightful heir was breathing under the same roof (2 Kings 11:2-3).

In the seventh year, Jehoiada carefully staged a coup. He brought out the seven-year-old boy, crowned him, and the people clapped and shouted: Long live the king! (2 Kings 11:12,21). Athaliah was executed, and Judah suddenly had a child king guided by a faithful priest.

As long as Jehoiada lived, Joash did what was right in the eyes of the LORD (2 Kings 12:2). He restored the temple, which had deteriorated through years of idolatry, and organized the collection of funds with a team so honest that no one asked them to account for it (2 Kings 12:15).

But Jehoiada died, and something in Joash died with him. Without his mentor, the king listened to other advisors, abandoned the temple he himself had restored, and returned to worshiping idols (2 Chronicles 24:17-18).

When Zechariah, Jehoiada’s own son, confronted him in God’s name, Joash had him stoned to death in the temple courtyard, the very place of his own coronation (2 Chronicles 24:20-22). Shortly after, wounded in battle against the Arameans, he was assassinated in his own bed by his officials (2 Chronicles 24:24-25).

Joash’s story challenges a comfortable idea: that a good upbringing alone guarantees good character. He had the best possible mentor and still chose poorly once he was on his own.

God does not judge us only by how we begin, but by how we persevere when the one who sustained us is no longer there. The faithfulness of one generation is not automatically passed on to the next; each heart, one day, answers for itself before God.

Defining verses

Joash did what was right in the eyes of the LORD all the years Jehoiada the priest instructed him.

2 Kings 12:2

Jehoiada brought out the king's son and put the crown on him; he presented him with a copy of the covenant and proclaimed him king. They anointed him, and the people clapped their hands and shouted, "Long live the king!"

2 Kings 11:12

May the LORD see this and call you to account.

2 Chronicles 24:22

Visions, prophecies, and deeds

Hidden in the temple

Still a baby, he was hidden by his aunt Jehosheba in the temple of the LORD for six years, to escape the massacre ordered by Athaliah against the royal line.

2 Kings 11:1-3

Crowned king at seven

The priest Jehoiada carefully staged a coup, presented the boy to the people, crowned him, and proclaimed him king; the crowd clapped and shouted: Long live the king!

2 Kings 11:12-21

Reform of the temple

As an adult, he ordered the repair of the temple of the LORD, which had deteriorated during Athaliah's reign, and organized the collection of funds from the people to finance the work.

2 Kings 12:4-15; 2 Chronicles 24:4-14

Abandonment of the faith after Jehoiada's death

Without his mentor, he listened to the leaders of Judah, abandoned the temple of the LORD, and returned to worshiping Asherah poles and idols.

2 Chronicles 24:17-18

Murder of the prophet Zechariah

He had the prophet Zechariah, son of Jehoiada himself, stoned to death in the temple courtyard, the same priest who had saved and raised him.

2 Chronicles 24:20-22

Aramean invasion and temple tribute

To keep Hazael, king of Aram (present-day Syria), from attacking Jerusalem after conquering Gath, he handed over the sacred treasures of the temple and palace to him.

2 Kings 12:17-18

Death by conspiracy

Wounded by the Arameans, he was assassinated in his own bed by officials avenging the blood of Zechariah.

2 Chronicles 24:24-25; 2 Kings 12:20-21
Timeline
~842 BC

Birth of Joash

Son of King Ahaziah of Judah; age calculated from 2 Kings 11:21.

~841 BC

Hidden in the temple

Saved by his aunt Jehosheba from the massacre ordered by Athaliah (2 Kings 11:1-3).

~835 BC

Crowned king at seven

Jehoiada organizes the coup against Athaliah (2 Kings 11:4-21).

~835 BC - ~796 BC

40-year reign in Jerusalem

2 Kings 12:1.

Uncertain date, during the reign

Reform of the temple

Collection of funds and repair of the house of the LORD (2 Chronicles 24:4-14).

After Jehoiada's death

Abandonment of the faith and murder of Zechariah

2 Chronicles 24:17-22.

~796 BC

Hazael's invasion and temple tribute

2 Kings 12:17-18.

~796 BC

Death by conspiracy of his own officials

Succeeded by his son Amaziah (2 Kings 12:19-21).

Portrait

Under Jehoiada's guidance, he led a complete structural reform of the temple of the LORD, organizing the collection of funds from all the people of Judah.

He entrusted the temple work to workers and supervisors so honest that no one required them to account for the money received (2 Kings 12:15).

He survived, as a child, a family massacre and reigned for forty years in Jerusalem, one of the longest reigns among the kings of Judah (2 Kings 12:1).

As long as he had Jehoiada's spiritual support, he consistently did what was right in the eyes of the LORD (2 Kings 12:2).

After Jehoiada's death, he allowed himself to be influenced by the leaders of Judah and abandoned the temple of the LORD to worship Asherah poles and idols (2 Chronicles 24:17-18).

He ignored years of kindness that Jehoiada had shown him and had Zechariah, son of the very priest who had saved and raised him, stoned to death (2 Chronicles 24:20-22).

Faced with Hazael's threat, he chose to hand over the sacred treasures of the temple as tribute instead of seeking the LORD (2 Kings 12:17-18).

His obedience to God depended entirely on another person's influence, and he did not stand firm once that support was gone (2 Kings 12:2; 2 Chronicles 24:17-18).

Lessons and legacy
Lessons from their life

A faith inherited or borrowed from a mentor does not sustain anyone forever; it must become one's own decision.

Good influences in childhood do not by themselves guarantee mature character in adult life; the heart still has to choose every day.

Ingratitude toward those who did us good is a sign of a hardened heart: Joash forgot everything Jehoiada had done for him.

Faced with threats and pressure, it is easier to reach for human solutions, like the tribute to Hazael, than to trust God; it is worth asking where this repeats today.

Decisions made without the right counselors, driven by social pressure, can undo decades of faithfulness in just a few years.

Missionary legacy

The reform of the temple reminds us that caring for places of worship is a legitimate part of the work of renewing a people's faith, something churches and workers keep doing as they restore places of worship around the world.

The story of the boy hidden and later crowned illustrates how God preserves a remnant even when it seems that an entire line of promise has been wiped out, a principle central to those who work among peoples seemingly unresponsive to the gospel.

The contrast between the young Joash, faithful under mentorship, and the mature Joash, unfaithful without it, reinforces the importance of ongoing discipleship, not just initial conversion, in any work among new peoples.

Joash's fall after decades of a good start warns leaders and cross-cultural workers against relying only on human support structures, without a personally rooted faith.

Family and context
Family and relationships
Father Ahaziah, king of Judah
Paternal grandmother Athaliah, usurper of the throne
Aunt Jehosheba, who hid him
Uncle by marriage and mentor Jehoiada, the priest
Mother Zibiah, of Beersheba
Son and successor Amaziah, king of Judah
Contemporary Zechariah, son of Jehoiada
Contemporary Hazael, king of Aram
Nations mentioned

Aram (present-day Syria)

2 Kings 12:17-18

Philistines (Gath)

2 Kings 12:17

Related places

Jerusalem

Capital of Judah, where Joash was hidden, crowned, and reigned.

Temple of the LORD

Where he lived hidden for six years and, later, led a major reform.

Beersheba

Hometown of Zibiah, Joash's mother (2 Kings 12:1).

Gath

Philistine city conquered by Hazael before he threatened Jerusalem (2 Kings 12:17).

Beth Millo

Place where Joash was assassinated by his own officials (2 Kings 12:20).

Aram (Damascus, present-day Syria)

Kingdom of Hazael, who threatened Jerusalem and received tribute from the temple.

Where to find them in the Bible
Where to find them in the Bible

The story of Joash is told in 2 Kings 11-12 and in 2 Chronicles 22:10-24:27. He also appears in the royal genealogy of Judah in 1 Chronicles 3:11.

Other people