1703-1791

Clergyman · Founder of Methodism

John Wesley

Summary
English Anglican clergyman of the 18th century, founder of Methodism and one of the greatest names of the British evangelical revival. An itinerant preacher, he organized small groups of faith and lived out the assurance of salvation through an experience that changed the course of his life.
Who they were
Biography

<p>Many people have done everything right in religion, gone to church, followed the rules, and still felt an empty heart, without the certainty that God truly accepted them. John Wesley lived that same restlessness for years as a clergyman, before finding the answer he was searching for.</p>

<p>Born on June 28, 1703, in Epworth, England, he was one of nineteen children of the Anglican pastor Samuel Wesley and Susanna Wesley. At age five, he escaped a fire in the family home, and his mother began calling him “a brand plucked from the fire,” certain that God had spared him for a greater purpose.</p>

<p>At Oxford, he and his brother Charles formed a group for study and spiritual discipline that was nicknamed, with irony, “Methodists.” Ordained a priest of the Church of England in 1728, he lived out religious practices with rigor, but admitted he lacked the inner peace of salvation that he preached to others.</p>

<p>In 1735, he set out as a missionary to the English colony of Georgia, in America. The mission ended in failure: a broken engagement and a poorly handled pastoral conflict forced him to leave the colony under suspicion, in 1737, still without the spiritual certainty he sought.</p>

<p>Back in London, he heard a reading of Luther’s preface to the Epistle to the Romans at a meeting on Aldersgate Street, on May 24, 1738. There, he later wrote in his journal, “I felt my heart strangely warmed,” and received the assurance that Christ had taken away his sins.</p>

<p>From 1739 onward, he preached in the open air to miners and laborers whom the churches usually ignored, a practice seen as scandalous for a clergyman. He organized converts into societies with small groups of mutual support, and his friendship with George Whitefield broke down over disagreements on grace and predestination.</p>

<p>He traveled about 400,000 kilometers on horseback and preached more than forty thousand sermons over fifty years of itinerant ministry. His marriage to Mary Vazeille, in 1751, was marked by jealousy and constant conflict over his travels, ending in permanent separation.</p>

<p>Wesley died in London on March 2, 1791, repeating: “best of all, God is with us.” His life shows that the certainty of faith is not born of religious effort, but of grace received, grace that is not content within walls: it must go where people are.</p>

“I felt my heart strangely warmed.”
John Wesley · The Journal of John Wesley, May 24, 1738
Timeline
1703

Birth in Epworth

Born on June 28, son of pastor Samuel Wesley and Susanna Wesley.

1709

Escapes a fire in the family home

At age five, he is rescued from a fire that destroys the Epworth parsonage.

1729

Founds the Holy Club at Oxford

Gathers his brother Charles and other colleagues into a group of spiritual discipline nicknamed Methodists.

1735

Sets out as a missionary to Georgia

Travels to the English colony in America as an agent of the Church of England.

1738

The Aldersgate Experience

On May 24, he feels his heart strangely warmed and receives the assurance of salvation.

1739

Open-air preaching and the first Methodist society

Begins preaching in the open air in Bristol and organizes the Methodist society of London.

1751

Marriage to Mary Vazeille

The marriage is marked by conflict and ends in separation years later.

1784

Ordains preachers for America

Signs the Deed of Declaration and ordains ministers for the American Methodists.

1791

Death in London

Dies on March 2, repeating that best of all, God is with us.

Works and milestones

Founding of the Holy Club at Oxford

1729

A group for study and spiritual discipline with his brother Charles that gave rise to the nickname Methodists.

Mission in Georgia

1735-1737

A journey as a missionary to the English colony in America, ending in pastoral and personal failure.

The Aldersgate Experience

May 24, 1738

The moment of assurance of salvation, recorded in his journal as the heart strangely warmed.

Beginning of open-air preaching

1739

Begins preaching in open fields to miners and laborers in Bristol, extending the reach of the revival.

Founding of the first Methodist society

1739

Organizes in London the society that gathered converts into classes of mutual accountability.

Explanatory Notes Upon the New Testament

1755

A devotional commentary on the New Testament that became a doctrinal reference for Methodism.

Ordination of preachers for America

1784

Ordains preachers to serve American Methodists without an available bishop, an act that brought him close to a break with the Church of England.

Contributions
1

Discipleship in small groups

He organized converts into societies and classes of mutual accountability, a discipleship model that still inspires small groups and cell groups in churches today.

2

Hymnody and popular worship

Alongside his brother Charles, author of thousands of hymns, he helped shape a sung worship in accessible language that spread through churches of many traditions.

3

Education and care for the poor

He founded schools, such as Kingswood, and maintained social work among prisoners and the poor, joining preaching and practical care since his Oxford days.

4

Public stand against slavery

He published the pamphlet Thoughts Upon Slavery in 1774 and, days before his death, wrote to William Wilberforce encouraging the fight to end the slave trade.

5

Organization of a lasting movement

He structured Methodism into societies, classes, and conferences that survived his death and gave rise to Methodist denominations in many countries.

Missionary legacy

Wesley's open-air preaching, going where people are instead of waiting for them to come to church, still inspires the itinerant and urban evangelism used by missions around the world today.

The small accountability groups he organized are the origin of discipleship practices and leader multiplication common today in evangelical mission movements.

His sense of urgency, traveling hundreds of thousands of kilometers to preach, feeds the conviction that distance is no reason to stop proclaiming the gospel.

Wesley's emphasis on grace offered to every person theologically undergirds the missionary drive to reach all peoples, not just a chosen few.

His stand against slavery in his final days reminds missions today that proclaiming the gospel also includes confronting structural injustice.

Other people