Old Testament

Ezekiel

AuthorThe prophet Ezekiel
Central themeThe glory of God
About the book

Ezekiel was a priest when he was taken captive to Babylon, along with King Jehoiachin and thousands of Jews, about eleven years before the final destruction of Jerusalem.

By the Kebar River, far from the temple and the promised land, he received an overwhelming vision of the glory of God: winged creatures, wheels full of eyes, and a throne that shone like fire.

God called him to be a watchman for his people, responsible for warning Israel of the judgment approaching because of idolatry and injustice.

For years, Ezekiel announced that Jerusalem would fall, even as many exiles still hoped for a swift deliverance. He used dramatic acts and powerful symbols to make the message impossible to ignore.

The book records the slow, painful departure of the glory of the Lord from the temple, a sign that God would no longer dwell in a place given over to idolatry.

After news of the fall of Jerusalem reaches the exiles, the tone of the prophecy changes. Ezekiel begins to proclaim hope: dry bones that come back to life, a new heart in place of a heart of stone, a shepherd who will finally care well for the flock.

The book ends with a detailed vision of a future, perfect temple, to which the glory of God returns and where he comes to dwell with his people forever.

From beginning to end, Ezekiel shows that God takes sin seriously, but never gives up on restoring those who turn back to him.

It is worth entering into these visions and seeing how the holiness and grace of God walk side by side.

Book overview

Purpose

To announce God's judgment on Judah and the nations and the promise of a new heart and restoration

Audience

The Jewish exiles in Babylon

Date written

Between 593 and 571 BC

Place of writing

Babylon, by the Kebar River

Geographic setting

Babylon and Jerusalem

Historical setting

During the Babylonian captivity, before and after the fall of Jerusalem in 586 BC

The only prophetic book with a detailed vision of a future temple that spans nine whole chapters

Key verses

Son of man, I have made you a watchman for the house of Israel; so hear the word I speak and give them warning from me.

Ezekiel 3:17

I will give you a new heart and put a new spirit in you; I will remove from you your heart of stone and give you a heart of flesh.

Ezekiel 36:26

The distance all around will be 18,000 cubits. And the name of the city from that time on will be: THE LORD IS THERE.

Ezekiel 48:35

Timeline
597 BC

Second deportation of Jews to Babylon, including King Jehoiachin and Ezekiel himself

593 BC

Call of Ezekiel and vision of the glory of God by the Kebar River

592 BC

Vision of the idolatries in the temple of Jerusalem and the departure of the glory of God

588 BC

Beginning of the Babylonian siege of Jerusalem, announced by Ezekiel on the same day it happened

586 BC

Fall and destruction of Jerusalem and the temple, confirmed to Ezekiel by a fugitive

573 BC

Vision of the future temple and the definitive return of the glory of God

571 BC

Last dated prophecy in the book, an oracle against Egypt

Book outline
1
1:1 to 3:27

Call and commission of the prophet

Ezekiel receives an overwhelming vision of the glory of God by the Kebar River, full of living creatures and wheels full of eyes. God calls him to be a watchman for Israel, responsible for faithfully passing on every warning he receives. The scene teaches that every call from God begins with a revelation of his holiness.

2
4:1 to 24:27

Signs and prophecies of judgment on Judah and Jerusalem

Through symbolic acts, visions, and oracles, Ezekiel announces that Jerusalem will be destroyed because of the people's persistent idolatry. He sees the glory of God leave the defiled temple and receives the death of his own wife as a sign to the people. The section shows that God does not overlook sin, even when the delay of judgment is mistaken for approval.

3
25:1 to 32:32

Prophecies against the neighboring nations

God judges Ammon, Moab, Edom, Philistia, Tyre, Sidon, and Egypt for rejoicing over the fall of Judah or for trusting in their own power. No nation, however rich or fortified, escapes the sovereignty of God over history. The section reminds us that the Lord rules far beyond the borders of Israel.

4
33:1 to 39:29

Fall of Jerusalem and messages of hope and renewal

News of the fall of Jerusalem reaches the exiles and marks the turning point of the book: God renews Ezekiel's call as a watchman and promises to be the true shepherd of his people. The vision of the valley of dry bones shows that not even the most hopeless situation is beyond God's reach. He promises a new heart, a new spirit, and an everlasting covenant of peace.

5
40:1 to 48:35

Vision of the future temple and the return of the glory of God

Ezekiel receives a detailed vision of a future temple, with precise measurements and the division of the land among the tribes. The glory of God, which had departed at the beginning of the book, returns and fills this temple. The book ends with the promise that the Lord will dwell forever with his people.

Major themes

The glory of God

Ezekiel sees the glory of the Lord leave the temple defiled by sin, and at the end of the book he sees that same glory return to dwell with the people. God's presence is holy and cannot be taken for granted.

Personal responsibility

Against the idea that children suffer for their parents' sins, God declares that each person is accountable for their own sins. Whoever repents finds life, no matter their past.

A new heart

God promises to replace the people's heart of stone with a heart of flesh and to put his Spirit within them. Inner transformation, not just outward change, is the path to true obedience.

God sovereign over the nations

The phrase they will know that I am the Lord is repeated dozens of times throughout the book, applied to both Israel and the neighboring nations. No empire, however powerful, escapes the control of God.

Hope after judgment

The vision of the valley of dry bones coming back to life shows that not even the most hopeless situation is beyond God's reach. He promises to restore what seemed utterly lost.

The true shepherd

After denouncing the leaders of Israel as shepherds who exploited the flock, God promises to personally care for his people. The passage points to a care that no human leader ever truly offered.

Key people
E

Ezekiel

Priest and prophet called in Babylon

J

Jehoiachin

King of Judah exiled with Ezekiel

N

Nebuchadnezzar

King of Babylon, instrument of judgment

J

Jaazaniah

Leader seen practicing idolatry in the temple

P

Pelatiah

Leader who dies during the vision

D

Daniel

Example of wisdom and righteousness

E

Ezekiel's wife

Her death used as a prophetic sign

Key places

Kebar River

Ezekiel 1:1-3

Tel Abib

Ezekiel 3:15

Jerusalem

Ezekiel 8:1 to 11:25

Tyre

Ezekiel 26:1-21

Edom

Ezekiel 35:1-15

Egypt

Ezekiel 29:1-16

The Valley of the Dry Bones

Ezekiel 37:1-14

The future temple

Ezekiel 40:1 to 48:35

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