King · Ruled conquered Babylon

Darius the Mede

Period~539 BC (year of the reign)
Summary
Median king who inherited the throne of conquered Babylon and, deceived by envious counselors into casting Daniel into the lions' den, publicly acknowledged the power of the living God when he saw him rescued unharmed.
Who was Darius the Mede
Biography

It is strange to think that the course of an entire kingdom can depend on the character of a single person at the top, and stranger still when that person is well intentioned but surrounded by people willing to destroy others out of envy. This is what Darius the Mede experienced right at the start of his reign.

It is worth noting that there is another Darius in the Bible: Darius I the Great, a Persian king who decades later authorized the rebuilding of the temple in Jerusalem (Ezra 4 to 6; Haggai; Zechariah). These are different figures, separated by generations, and should not be confused.

Darius the Mede received the kingdom when Babylon fell, on the very night Belshazzar saw the sentence of his end written on the wall (Daniel 5:30-31). He organized the vast empire into a hundred and twenty satraps and, among the three administrators who supervised them, chose Daniel, already elderly and a foreigner, because he recognized exceptional qualities in him (Daniel 6:1-3).

This choice stirred envy in the other officials. Since they could find no fault in Daniel’s administration, they attacked his faith: they persuaded Darius to sign a decree forbidding any prayer that was not directed to the king, knowing that Daniel would keep praying to his God (Daniel 6:4-9).

When the trap worked, Darius realized too late that he had been manipulated. He spent the day looking for a way to save Daniel and, finding no legal way around his own law, watched him be thrown into the lions’ den, saying only, “May your God, whom you serve continually, rescue you!” (Daniel 6:16).

The following night was one of fasting and anguish for the king, who could not even sleep (Daniel 6:18). At dawn, he rushed to the den and called out Daniel’s name; hearing the reply that God had sent an angel to shut the mouths of the lions, he ordered him lifted out unharmed and decreed that his whole kingdom should fear the living God of Daniel (Daniel 6:19-27).

The story of Darius reminds us that holding a position of power frees no one from their own weakness: he was king, but he was also deceived by envious counselors. His reaction, however, reveals something greater: on seeing Daniel’s faithfulness confirmed, he took no pride in clinging to his mistake, he changed his position publicly, before the whole empire. Admitting one was wrong, even while in command, remains an invitation for anyone who leads today.

Defining verses

When he came near the den, he called to Daniel in an anguished voice, "Daniel, servant of the living God, has your God, whom you serve continually, been able to rescue you from the lions?"

Daniel 6:20

I issue a decree that in every part of my dominion people must fear and reverence the God of Daniel. For he is the living God and he endures forever; his kingdom will not be destroyed, his dominion will never end.

Daniel 6:26

Visions, prophecies, and deeds

Becomes king of conquered Babylon

Receives the kingdom on the same night Belshazzar sees the writing on the wall and loses the throne.

Daniel 5:30-31

Organizes the kingdom into satraps

Divides the empire into a hundred and twenty satraps, supervised by three administrators.

Daniel 6:1-2

Appoints Daniel chief administrator

Chooses Daniel, a foreigner and already elderly, for noticing exceptional qualities in him.

Daniel 6:3

Is persuaded to sign a decree against prayer

Envious counselors induce him to forbid any prayer not directed to himself.

Daniel 6:4-9

Casts Daniel into the lions' den

Reluctant, but bound by his own law, he watches Daniel be thrown to the lions and spends the night fasting.

Daniel 6:14-18

Finds Daniel alive at dawn

Rushes to the den at daybreak and hears that an angel shut the lions' mouths.

Daniel 6:19-23

Decrees that the whole kingdom fear Daniel's God

Issues a decree for the entire empire acknowledging the living and eternal God.

Daniel 6:25-27
Timeline
~539 BC

Receives the kingdom of Babylon

Takes the throne after the fall of Belshazzar (Dan 5:30-31).

~539 BC

Organizes the empire into 120 satraps

Structures the government with three administrators at the top (Dan 6:1-2).

~539 BC

Appoints Daniel chief administrator

Recognizes Daniel's exceptional qualities (Dan 6:3).

~539 BC

Signs a decree forbidding prayer

Is manipulated by officials envious of Daniel (Dan 6:6-9).

~539 BC

Daniel is thrown into the lions' den

Spends the following night fasting in anguish (Dan 6:16-18).

~539 BC

Daniel is rescued unharmed

The king decrees that the whole kingdom fear the living God (Dan 6:19-27).

~538 BC

First year of his reign over Babylon

Reference used by Daniel while reflecting on Jeremiah's prophecies (Dan 9:1-2).

Portrait

Recognized Daniel's worth and placed him among the chief administrators of the kingdom, even though he was a foreigner and already elderly (Dan 6:1-3)

Was genuinely distressed on realizing he had been manipulated against Daniel and spent the night fasting because of him (Dan 6:18)

Ran to the den at dawn, hoping Daniel was alive (Dan 6:19-20)

Publicly decreed, for his entire empire, that Daniel's God is the living and eternal God (Dan 6:25-27)

Allowed himself to be persuaded by envious counselors to sign a decree that he himself could not later revoke (Dan 6:7-9, 14-15)

Yielded to political pressure and allowed Daniel to be thrown to the lions, even against his own will (Dan 6:14-16)

Lessons and legacy
Lessons from their life

Holding a position of authority protects no one from being manipulated; discernment is needed in any position

Admitting a mistake in public, as Darius did, is worth more than clinging to wrong decisions out of pride

The quiet faithfulness of one person, like Daniel's, can change the heart of someone in power

Human laws and decrees have limits; the testimony of the living God reaches even those who never expected to be convinced

Missionary legacy

Darius's decree, ordering his entire vast empire to fear the God of Daniel, is one of the first biblical examples of a political order carrying the name of the living God to many peoples at once (Dan 6:25-26)

It shows that the faithful testimony of a single person, even exiled and a minority in a foreign land, can reach the highest authorities of an empire

It reminds us that God uses even rulers of other nations and religions to spread the knowledge of who he is among the peoples

Family and context
Family and relationships
Father Xerxes (Dan 9:1)
Predecessor on the throne Belshazzar (Dan 5:30-31)
Trusted administrator Daniel (Dan 6:1-3)
Nations mentioned

Babylon

Daniel 5:30-31

Media

Daniel 6:8; 9:1

Persia

Daniel 6:28

Related places

Babylon

Present-day Iraq, capital of the kingdom Darius ruled

Media

Region of present-day Iran, Darius's homeland

Lions' den

Where Daniel was thrown and rescued unharmed (Dan 6:16-23)

Where to find them in the Bible
Where to find them in the Bible

The story of Darius the Mede is told in the book of Daniel, mainly in chapter 6, and he also appears in Daniel 5:31, 9:1, and 11:1. He should not be confused with Darius I the Great, a Persian king mentioned in Ezra 4 to 6 and in the books of Haggai and Zechariah, who authorized the rebuilding of the temple decades later.

Other people