Forerunner of Jesus · Prophet

John the Baptist

Period1st century AD
Summary
Son of an elderly priest and called from the womb, John the Baptist spent his life preparing the way for Jesus. He preached repentance in the wilderness, baptized the Messiah himself in the Jordan, and died beheaded for denouncing a king's sin, never once competing for the spotlight.
Who was John the Baptist
Biography

Some people are born to prepare the way for another, and they live their whole lives knowing the stage is not theirs. It is uncomfortable to imagine that: living on purpose for the success of someone who will come later. John the Baptist received exactly that calling, and he accepted it without competing for the spotlight.

His parents, Zechariah and Elizabeth, were elderly and had never had children. An angel announced to the priest Zechariah, inside the temple, that he would have a son filled with the Holy Spirit from the womb (Luke 1:11-15). Zechariah’s doubt left him mute until the boy’s birth, when he regained his voice to prophesy about his son’s role (Luke 1:64-79).

John grew up, and as an adult he reappeared preaching repentance on the banks of the Jordan River, dressed in camel’s hair, eating locusts and wild honey (Matthew 3:4). Crowds came down to him to be baptized, confessing their sins, while he announced that the kingdom of heaven was near (Matthew 3:1-6).

When Jesus came to the Jordan to be baptized, John hesitated, feeling small before him (Matthew 3:14). Even so, he obeyed, saw the Spirit descend like a dove, and heard the Father’s voice confirming the Son (Matthew 3:16-17). From then on, John always pointed to Jesus, never to himself.

As Jesus’ disciples grew in number and his own decreased, John summed up his mission in a single sentence: Jesus must become greater, he must become less (John 3:30). Imprisoned after confronting Herod Antipas about his unlawful marriage, he even sent word from his own cell asking Jesus if he was really the Christ (Matthew 11:2-3). He was beheaded at Herodias’ request, by Herod’s order (Mark 6:21-28).

The life of John the Baptist reminds us that God also calls people to second place, and that place can be the most important of all. He did not die trying to be more than a forerunner, he died faithful to the role he had received. Whoever today serves without the spotlight, preparing the way for others to know Jesus, shares the same calling.

Defining verses

The next day John saw Jesus coming toward him and said, "Look, the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world!"

John 1:29

Visions, prophecies, and deeds

Announcement of the angel Gabriel

The angel Gabriel appeared to the priest Zechariah in the temple and announced the birth of a son who would be filled with the Holy Spirit from the womb.

Luke 1:11-17

Zechariah becomes mute and then prophesies

Because he doubted the promise, Zechariah was mute until his son's birth, when he regained his speech and prophesied about the boy's role as forerunner of the Lord.

Luke 1:20,64-79

Preaching in the wilderness

As an adult, John preached repentance in the Judean wilderness, dressed in camel's hair, calling the people to prepare for the coming of the Lord.

Matthew 3:1-6

Confrontation with religious leaders

Facing Pharisees and Sadducees who came to be baptized, John confronted them harshly, demanding true fruit of repentance.

Matthew 3:7-10

Baptism of Jesus

John baptized Jesus in the Jordan River, saw the Holy Spirit descend like a dove, and heard the Father's voice confirming the Son.

Matthew 3:13-17

Imprisonment for denouncing Herod

John was imprisoned by Herod Antipas after publicly denouncing his unlawful marriage to Herodias, his own brother's wife.

Mark 6:17-18

Beheading

At Herodias' request, delivered through her daughter, Herod ordered that John be beheaded in prison.

Mark 6:21-28
Timeline
date unknown

Birth of John, son of Zechariah and Elizabeth

About six months before Jesus (Luke 1:26,36)

~29 AD

Start of public ministry in the Judean wilderness

In the fifteenth year of the reign of Tiberius Caesar (Luke 3:1-3)

~29 AD

Baptism of Jesus in the Jordan River

Matthew 3:13-17

~30 AD

Imprisonment by Herod Antipas

For denouncing Herod's marriage to Herodias (Luke 3:19-20)

~30 AD

Message from prison to Jesus

Asking whether Jesus was really the Christ (Matthew 11:2-6)

~30 AD

Beheading by order of Herod

At Herodias' request (Mark 6:21-28)

Portrait

He refused fame in order to always point to Jesus, saying that Jesus must become greater and he himself must become less (John 3:30).

He preached with courage even before hostile religious authorities, calling Pharisees and Sadducees a brood of vipers (Matthew 3:7).

He lived with radical material simplicity, wearing camel's hair and eating what the wilderness provided (Matthew 3:4).

He confronted Herod Antipas himself about the sin of his marriage, even knowing the risk (Mark 6:18).

He was the instrument who publicly pointed to Jesus as the Lamb of God, even before his own disciples (John 1:29,35-36).

In prison, he even doubted whether Jesus was really the Christ and sent word to ask him directly (Matthew 11:2-3).

Lessons and legacy
Lessons from their life

Serving well often means accepting second place without bitterness.

The courage to speak the truth to those in power has a price, and it is worth it all the same.

It is possible to have a firm faith and still face moments of real doubt, without that erasing the calling.

Simplicity of life can speak louder than any speech.

Missionary legacy

John the Baptist is the biblical model of one who prepares the way before another proclaims the good news, a central role in every mission strategy.

His call to repentance before the proclamation of faith in Christ remains the pattern of missionary preaching to this day.

His willingness to decrease so that Jesus could increase is the antidote to self-promotion in any mission work.

His obedience even under risk of death inspires those who today face opposition for proclaiming the gospel in hostile contexts.

Family and context
Family and relationships
Father Zechariah, priest (Luke 1:5)
Mother Elizabeth (Luke 1:5)
Relation to Jesus Elizabeth was a relative of Mary (Luke 1:36)
Whom John baptized Jesus Christ (Matthew 3:13-17)
Who imprisoned him Herod Antipas (Mark 6:17)
Who requested his death Herodias (Mark 6:24)
Nations mentioned

Israel

the region of Judea where he preached, present-day Israel/West Bank (Matthew 3:1)

Related places

Judean Wilderness

where he preached repentance, present-day Israel/West Bank (Matthew 3:1)

Jordan River

where he baptized the crowds and Jesus, present-day border between Israel and Jordan (Matthew 3:6,13)

Hill Country of Judah

where Zechariah and Elizabeth lived, present-day Israel/West Bank (Luke 1:39)

Temple in Jerusalem

where the angel Gabriel announced his birth to Zechariah, present-day Israel (Luke 1:8-11)

Where to find them in the Bible
Where to find them in the Bible

The story of John the Baptist is told in all four Gospels, in greatest detail in Luke 1 (his birth) and in Matthew 3, Mark 1, and Luke 3 (his ministry and the baptism of Jesus). He is also mentioned in John 1 and 3, and his imprisonment and death are recorded in Matthew 14 and Mark 6. Jesus speaks about him in Matthew 11:7-14.

Other people