1803-1845

Missionary · Translator

Sarah Boardman Judson

Summary
A Baptist missionary in Burma for about twenty years, she was widowed young and chose to remain alone on the field. She translated the New Testament and other Christian works into Peguan and Burmese, and ran schools among the Karen people.
Who they were
Biography

Sarah Hall was born in 1803 in Alstead, in rural New Hampshire, the daughter of a simple family that could not afford to pay for her education. Self-taught, she learned to read and write at home while helping raise her younger siblings.

While still young, she was moved by the death of missionary James Colman in Burma and wrote a poem in his memory. The verses caught the attention of seminary student George Dana Boardman, who was likewise preparing to serve in that country; they married in July 1825.

Two weeks after the wedding, they sailed for India. Held up for more than a year in Calcutta because of the Anglo-Burmese War, they did not reach Maulmain, in Burma, until 1827. In 1828 they moved to Tavoy, among the Karen people.

Sarah opened and ran schools for Karen boys and girls, staffed with native teachers, and began accompanying her husband on preaching journeys through the jungle. Of the three children she had with Boardman, two died in infancy. In 1831, George died of tuberculosis, leaving her a widow at 27, far from her homeland.

Going against the custom of the day, by which a missionary widow was expected to return home, Sarah remained alone in Tavoy for three years, rebuilding the schools and sustaining the small Karen church.

In 1834 she married Adoniram Judson and moved to Moulmein. Around that time, her eldest son, George Dana Boardman Jr., still a child, was sent to the United States to study; mother and son would never see each other again. At her new husband’s request, Sarah devoted herself to studying Peguan, the language of the Mon people, and into that language she translated the New Testament, gospel tracts, and her husband’s work on the life of Christ.

She also rendered the first part of John Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress into Burmese and compiled a hymnal. Of the eight children she had with Judson, three died in infancy. After the birth of the last, in December 1844, her health, already weakened by recurring bouts of dysentery, gave way.

She set sail with her husband and their three eldest children for the United States, but died along the way, on September 1, 1845, and was buried on the island of Saint Helena. Her voluntary remaining on the field, even as a grieving widow, and the losses she endured in the midst of her work stand as a testimony of perseverance for missionaries to this day.

“We part on this green islet, love: thou to the eastward, I to the westward. Oh, when shall we meet again?”
Sarah Boardman Judson · Poem "We Part on This Green Islet," written in December 1844 during a stopover in Mauritius, when Sarah was considering going on alone to the United States with her children while her husband returned to Moulmein (a plan that did not come to pass). Recorded in the Memoir of Sarah B. Judson, by Emily C. Judson (1848).
Timeline
1803

Born in Alstead, New Hampshire

Born into a modest family, she became self-taught.

1825

Marriage to George Dana Boardman

They marry in July and set sail for India two weeks later.

1827

Arrival in Burma

After more than a year held up in Calcutta by the Anglo-Burmese War, the couple settle in Maulmain.

1828

Beginning of work among the Karen

They move to Tavoy, where Sarah opens schools for Karen boys and girls.

1831

Death of George Boardman

Widowed at 27, she decides to remain alone on the mission field.

1834

Marriage to Adoniram Judson

She moves to Moulmein, where she takes up the study of the Peguan language; her eldest son is sent to the United States.

1830s

Translation of the New Testament into Peguan

She translates the New Testament and other Christian works into the language of the Mon people.

1845

Death aboard ship

She dies at the port of Saint Helena, during the voyage back to the United States.

Works and milestones

Schools for the Karen people, in Tavoy

1828

She opened and supervised day schools with native teachers, along with women's Bible classes; the schools drew the attention of British government agents, who began subsidizing them.

Continuing the work after widowhood

1831-1834

Alone for three years after her first husband's death, she reopened the schools and continued preaching among the Karen.

New Testament in Peguan (Mon)

1830s

She translated the New Testament into Peguan, the language spoken by the Mon people in southwestern Burma.

Life of Christ, by Adoniram Judson, in Peguan

1830s

She rendered her husband's work on the life of Jesus into Peguan, along with several gospel tracts.

Pilgrim's Progress, by Bunyan, in Burmese

Pilgrim's Progress

She translated the first part of Pilgrim's Progress into Burmese, a translation still in use decades later.

Hymnal for Burmese-speaking churches

Burma

She compiled and translated Christian hymns, used in worship by the emerging congregations.

Contributions
1

Missionary school model

Her schools in Tavoy, staffed with native teachers, drew the attention of British government agents, who began subsidizing them.

2

Christian literature in local languages

Alongside her husband, she helped establish the practice of translating Scripture and devotional works into the local languages of Burma, not only into official Burmese.

3

Perseverance of the missionary widow

Widowed at 27, she refused the era's custom of returning home and remained alone on the field for three years.

4

Poetic voice of the missionary cause

Her poems circulated in American Baptist publications and are cited by biographers as part of what stirred others' interest in the missionary cause.

Missionary legacy

Her example of remaining on the field even as a widow inspired single and widowed women to engage as missionaries in their own right, not merely as missionaries' wives.

Her translations into Peguan and Burmese continue, in part, to serve as a historical basis for later editions of the Scriptures in those languages.

The model of schools with local teachers that she developed in Tavoy anticipated the principle of raising up native leaders, now central to strategies for reaching unreached peoples in Southeast Asia.

Her story, alongside those of Ann Hasseltine Judson and Emily Chubbuck Judson, helped establish the biographical record of women missionaries as a source of inspiration to this day.

Other people